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In 1922, having seceded from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, it became the Irish Free State. It comprised 26 counties with 6 counties under the control of Unionists which became Northern Ireland in 1921. Bunreacht na hÉireann 1937 constitution renamed the 26 states 'Ireland'.
Ireland was in 1939 nominally a Dominion of the British Empire and a member of the Commonwealth.The nation had gained de facto independence from Britain after the Irish War of Independence, and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 declared Ireland to be a "sovereign, independent, democratic state".
The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between the forces of the Irish Republic – the Irish Republican Army (IRA) – and British Crown forces. [5] The Free State was established as a dominion of the British Empire. It comprised 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland.
Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) Irish Republic [1] United Kingdom: Victory. Anglo-Irish Treaty: [2] Dominion status for 26 counties of Southern Ireland as the Irish Free State; 6 counties of Northern Ireland remain part of UK; United Kingdom retains the Ports of Berehaven, Spike Island and Lough Swilly; Irish Civil War (1922–1923 ...
The Irish Free State declared itself a neutral country in 1922, and Ireland remained neutral during the Second World War; although it allowed Allied military aircraft to fly through part of its airspace, and shared some intelligence with the Allies (see Irish neutrality during World War II). During the Cold War, it did not join NATO nor the Non ...
The period 1916–1921 was marked by political violence and upheaval, ending in the partition of Ireland in 1920 and independence for 26 of its 32 counties. A failed militant attempt was made to gain separate independence for Ireland with the 1916 Easter Rising, an insurrection in Dublin. Though support for the insurgents was small, the ...
Political map of present-day Ireland. The Partition of Ireland (Irish: críochdheighilt na hÉireann) was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK) divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland (the area today known as the Republic of Ireland, or simply Ireland).
At the same time, the Irish Volunteers, who came under the control of the Dáil and became known as the Irish Republican Army, fought against British state forces in the Irish War of Independence. The War of Independence ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty , signed on 6 December 1921 and narrowly approved by Dáil Éireann on 7 January 1922.