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The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) is a branch that extends laterally from the superior colliculus, and, passing to the thalamus between the pulvinar and the medial geniculate nuclei, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate nucleus, and partly into the optic tract.
The red nucleus may play an additional role in controlling muscles of the shoulder and upper arm via projections of its magnocellular part. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In humans, the red nucleus also has limited control over hands , as the rubrospinal tract is more involved in large muscle movement such as that for the arms (but not for the legs, as the tract ...
It arises from the superior colliculus of the mesencephalic (midbrain) tectum, and projects to the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord levels. [2] It mediates reflex turning of the head and upper trunk in the direction of startling sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, or skin). [2] It arises from the deep layers of the superior colliculus.
The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, considered from a physiological standpoint, can be subdivided into several smaller groups of cells, each group controlling a particular muscle. A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus lies dorsal to the main oculomotor nucleus.
The pupil is not only directed, but often rotated, by these muscles. (See visual system) The thalamus and superior colliculus are connected via the lateral geniculate nucleus. The superior colliculus (SC) is the topographical map for balance and quick orienting movements with primarily visual inputs. SC integrates multiple senses.
Diagram of the midbrain, sectioned at the level of the superior colliculus (Central tegmental tract not labeled, but region is visible.) Axial section of the Brainstem (Pons) at the level of the Facial Colliculus (Central tegmental tract not labeled, but region is visible.)
The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and IV are located in the tegmentum portion of the midbrain. The nuclei of CN V to VIII are located in the tegmentum at the level of the pons. The nuclei of CN IX, X, and XII are located in that of the medulla. [citation needed]
The paired nuclei are posterior to the main motor nucleus (oculomotor nucleus) and anterolateral to the cerebral aqueduct in the rostral midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. It is the most rostral of the parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem .