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Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India.
Western Punjabi may refer to: Lahnda, also known as "Western Punjabi", a linguistically defined group of Punjabi dialects and varieties primarily found in Western Punjab; the group of all the Punjabi varieties, whether Lahnda or not, that are spoken in Pakistan; the form of the standard Punjabi language in Pakistan (ISO 639-3: pnb)
Often in literature, Pakistani Punjabi (written in Shahmukhi) is referred as Western-Punjabi (or West-Punjabi) and Indian Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi) is referred as Eastern-Punjabi (or East-Punjabi), although the underlying language is the same with a very slight shift in vocabulary towards Islamic and Sikh words respectively.
A Hindko speaker. Hindko (ہندکو, romanized: Hindko, IPA: [ˈɦɪndkoː]) is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in several areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northwestern regions of Punjab.
The Punjabi dialects and languages or Greater Punjabi are a series of dialects and languages spoken around the Punjab region of Pakistan and India with varying degrees of official recognition. [7] They have sometimes been referred to as the Greater Punjabi macrolanguage. [ 8 ]
Pahari-Pothwari is an Indo-Aryan language variety of Lahnda group, [b] spoken on the Pothohar Plateau in the far north of Punjab, Pakistan, as well as in most of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir and in western areas of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, is known by a variety of names, the most common of which are Pahari (English: / p ə ˈ h ɑː r i /; [1] an ambiguous name also applied ...
In 2016, a software called Akhar, developed by the team of Gurpreet Singh Lehal from the Centre for Punjabi Language Technology of Punjabi University, was released. [13] [14] The 2021 version of Akhar, known as Akhar-2021, features a Punjabi-English dictionary function and a Gurmukhi-to-Shahmukhi transliterator.
Baahar di boli (Punjabi: ਬਾਹਰ ਦੀ ਬੋਲੀ, باہر دی بولی) or Diasporic Punjabi means language from outside. In this context it refers to the manner in which Punjabi is spoken outside of India and Pakistan. There is no agreed term relating to how to describe the Diaspora's manner of speaking Punjabi, as it is littered ...