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Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales.They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls. The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of red, but some species can be purple, yellow, blue, white, or gray-green.
Maerl (also rhodolith) is a collective name for non-geniculate coralline red algae with a certain growth habit. [1] Maerl grows at a rate of c. 1 mm per year. [2] It accumulates as unattached particles and forms extensive beds in suitable sublittoral sites. [3]
The earliest such coralline algae, the solenopores, are known from the Cambrian period. Other algae of different origins filled a similar role in the late Paleozoic, and in more recent reefs. Calcite crusts that have been interpreted as the remains of coralline red algae, date to the Ediacaran Period. [76]
Jania is an articulated coralline algae characterized by having erect thalli with dichotomously-arranged branches composed of alternating segments of red or pink, calcified, cylindrical sections (intergeniculum) and white uncalcified sections (geniculum); that is attached to the substrate by small, stolon-like holdfasts.
The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori. [2] The Corallinoideae is monophyletic; the other subfamilies form another monophyletic group. [3]
The coralline algae lives in the mid-tide and higher level pools, occasionally exposed to air. [4] The coralline algae mostly grows on hard rock surfaces and was not found on any limestone or slate rock. [4] It can also be found growing on the shells of mollusks that live in the same area, however the algae was physically reduced on the shells. [4]
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