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Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales. They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls. The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of red, but some species can be purple, yellow, blue, white, or gray-green.
The coralline algae lives in the mid-tide and higher level pools, occasionally exposed to air. [4] The coralline algae mostly grows on hard rock surfaces and was not found on any limestone or slate rock. [4] It can also be found growing on the shells of mollusks that live in the same area, however the algae was physically reduced on the shells. [4]
The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori. [2] The Corallinoideae is monophyletic; the other subfamilies form another monophyletic group. [3]
Jania is an articulated coralline algae characterized by having erect thalli with dichotomously-arranged branches composed of alternating segments of red or pink, calcified, cylindrical sections (intergeniculum) and white uncalcified sections (geniculum); that is attached to the substrate by small, stolon-like holdfasts.
There are many variations of crustose, including Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA), found in three different habitats; flat, crest and slope reef. [8] CCA are highly dependent on sunlight to grow in abundance, and their growth increases productivity. CCA acts as the main food source for certain fish including parrotfish and Scarus trispinosus. [9]
Porolithon is a genus of coralline red algae. [1] although more species have been recently proposed.The Porolithon are the primary reef building algae. When coral reefs reach sea level, many corals break under the high energy impact of the waves, while coralline red algae, primarily Porolithon, continuing building and cementing the reef structure.
Pneophyllum cetinaensis is the only known species of freshwater coralline algae endemic to Croatia. [2] Its ancestor lived in brackish water, and was already adapted to osmotic stress and rapid changes in water salinity and temperature.
Bossiella is a genus of coralline algae with 5 recognised species. It reproduces via conceptacles; individual thalli only produce conceptacles of a single sex. [1]