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The inception date of the modern income tax is typically accepted as 1799, [6] at the suggestion of Henry Beeke, the future Dean of Bristol. [7] This income tax was introduced into Great Britain by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger in his budget of December 1798, to pay for weapons and equipment for the French Revolutionary War.
Form 1040, officially, the U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, is an IRS tax form used for personal federal income tax returns filed by United States residents. The form calculates the total taxable income of the taxpayer and determines how much is to be paid to or refunded by the government.
Income tax is imposed on individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts. [6] The definition of net taxable income for most sub-federal jurisdictions mostly follows the federal definition. [7] The rate of tax at the federal level is graduated; that is, the tax rates on higher amounts of income are higher than on lower amounts.
Income tax withheld on wages is based on the amount of wages less an amount for declared withholding allowances (often called exemptions). [5] Withholding for allowances are calculated based on the assumption of a full year of wages. Amounts of tax withheld are determined by the employer.
Tax withholding, also known as tax retention, pay-as-you-earn tax or tax deduction at source, is income tax paid to the government by the payer of the income rather than by the recipient of the income. The tax is thus withheld or deducted from the income due to the recipient.
For direct rate comparisons between exclusive and inclusive taxes, one rate must be manipulated to look like the other. When a tax system imposes taxes primarily on income, the tax base is a household's pre-tax income. The appropriate income tax rate is applied to the tax base to calculate taxes owed.
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