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A flow variable is measured over an interval of time. Therefore, a flow would be measured per unit of time (say a year). Flow is roughly analogous to rate or speed in this sense. For example, U.S. nominal gross domestic product refers to a total number of dollars spent over a time period, such as a year. Therefore, it is a flow variable, and ...
Basic diagram of the circular flow of income. The functioning of the free-market economic system is represented with firms and households and interaction back and forth. [2] The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between ...
Unlike economic accounting, MFA also covers non-economic waste flows, emissions to the environment, and non-market natural resources. Model of an industrial process in economic accounting (top) and in physical accounting (bottom). The process balance is a first order physical principle that turns MFA into a powerful accounting and analysis tool.
Studies of social metabolism can be carried out at different levels of system aggregation, see material flow analysis. In material flow accounting, for example, the inputs and outputs of materials and energy of a particular state or region, as well as imports and exports, are analysed.
A simple circular flow of income diagram is replaced in ecological economics by a more complex flow diagram reflecting the input of solar energy, which sustains natural inputs and environmental services which are then used as units of production. Once consumed, natural inputs pass out of the economy as pollution and waste.
Ecological indicator of ecosystem health (ecological processes) Health indicator, which is used to describe the health of a population; Honeyguides, also known as "indicator birds", a family of Old World tropical birds Indicator, a genus of birds in the honeyguide family; Indicator species, a species that defines a characteristic of an environment
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of business cycles .
Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain. [2] [3] Each of the levels within the food chain is a trophic level. [1]