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Julius Caesar added Mercedonius (23 days) and two other intercalary months (33 and 34 days respectively) to the 355-day lunar year, to recalibrate the calendar in preparation for his calendar reform, which went into effect in 45 BC.
Julius Caesar did not change the beginning of either the consular year or the calendar year. In addition to consular years, the Romans sometimes used the regnal year of the emperor, and by the late 4th century documents were also being dated according to the 15-year cycle of the indiction.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Julius Caesar V and Marc Antony (or, less frequently, year 710 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 44 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Caesar's veteran legions had been campaigning for many years and all of them were understrength. He also had a large number of archers, slingers and 3000–5000 cavalry. All in all Caesar had around 60,000–70,000 soldiers when he arrived at Thapsus. The Optimates had eight Roman and three Numidian legions; around 55,000 legionaries.
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vatia (or, less frequently, year 706 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 48 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for ...
First year of the Julian calendar: 710: 44 BC: The assassination of Julius Caesar: 727: 27 BC: Augustus became the first Roman emperor, starting the Principate: 753: 1 BC: Astronomical Year 0 754: AD 1: Approximate birth date of Jesus, approximated by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525 (AUC 1278) 1000: AD 247: 1,000th Anniversary of the City of Rome ...
When Julius Caesar took power in Rome, the Roman calendar had ceased to reflect the year accurately. [ 2 ] The Julian reform made 46 BC 445 days long and replaced the intercalary month with an intercalary day to be inserted within February every four years.