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A patella fracture is a break of the kneecap. [1] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. [ 1 ] A person may also be unable to walk. [ 1 ]
Patellar tendon rupture can usually be diagnosed by physical examination. The most common signs are: tenderness, the tendon's loss of tone, loss of ability to raise the straight leg and observation of the high-riding patella. Radiographically, patella alta can be detected using the Insall and Salvati method when the patella is shorter than its ...
The patella rests in the trochlear, which is found in the distal part of the femur. The patella can dislocate from the groove because of trauma or an unnatural twisting of the knee. [5] When dislocated, the soft tissue layer that the patella rests in is damaged; the patella is forced out of its groove and back into place.
The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1]They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following:
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. [5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. [1] [2] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [1] Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis. [3]
The knee joint consists of an articulation between four bones: the femur, tibia, fibula and patella. There are four compartments to the knee. These are the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, the patellofemoral compartment and the superior tibiofibular joint.
A Segond fracture seen on X-ray As the injury may have self-reduced before arrival at hospital, the diagnosis may not be readily apparent. [ 2 ] Diagnosis may be suspected based on the history of the injury and physical examination [ 5 ] which may include anterior drawer test , valgus stress test , varus stress test , and posterior sag test . [ 5 ]
Knees following ACL reconstruction surgery. A patellar tendon graft was used. Discoloration of the left leg is from swelling that drained from the knee to the shin. The patellar tendon connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin). The graft is normally taken from the injured knee, but in some circumstances, such as a second operation, the ...
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