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Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.
This function is so significant to normal functioning of the circulatory system that the cardiovascular centre is considered a vital centre of the medulla oblongata. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine can affect the cardiovascular centre and cause it to increase the rate of impulses sent to the sinoatrial node , resulting ...
These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology. [ 1 ] Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics.
The funny current is highly expressed in spontaneously active cardiac regions, such as the sinoatrial node (SAN, the natural pacemaker region), the atrioventricular node (AVN) and the Purkinje fibres of conduction tissue. The funny current is a mixed sodium–potassium current that activates upon hyperpolarization at voltages in the diastolic ...
T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. [1] It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole , following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole . [ 1 ]
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However, neither Frank nor Starling was the first to describe the relationship between the end-diastolic volume and the regulation of cardiac output. [5] The first formulation of the law was theorized by the Italian physiologist Dario Maestrini , who on December 13, 1914, started the first of 19 experiments that led him to formulate the "legge ...