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The objective of DEPB is to neutralise the incidence of Customs duty on the import content of the export product. The neutralisation shall be provided by way of grant of duty credit against the export product. Under the DEPB, an exporter may apply for credit, as a specified percentage of FOB value of exports made in freely convertible currency.
It regulates trade in the industry. Its rules cover products transported with Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) or Freight on Board . The advantage of having the vast majority of worldwide trade under FOSFA contracts is that using standard contracts reduces the risk of misinterpretations or misunderstandings between trading parties. [4]
In the case of an FOB (Free On Board) sale, the determination of the energy transferred and invoiced for will be made in the loading port. In the case of a CIF (Cost Insurance & Freight) or a DES (Delivered Ex Ship) sale, the energy transferred and invoiced for will be determined in the unloading port.
CIF requires the seller to insure the goods for 110% of the contract value under Institute Cargo Clauses (A) of the Institute of London Underwriters (which is a change from Incoterms 2010 where the minimum was Institute Cargo Clauses (C)), or any similar set of clauses, unless specifically agreed by both parties.
FOB (free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
FOB – Forward Operating Base; FOD – Foreign Object Damage (U.S.) FOD – Foreign Object Debris (U.S.) FOI – Field of Imaging; FPO – Fleet Post Office; See also APO; FRACU – Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (U.S. Army) FSA – Force Structure Allowance; FSTE – Foreign Service Tour Extension
International commercial contracts are sale transaction agreements made between parties from different countries. [4]The methods of entering the foreign market, [5] with choice made balancing costs, control and risk, include: [6]
Under the "nemo dat quod non habet" rule ("no one gives what he doesn't have"), a seller cannot pass better title than he himself has; so if the goods are subject to an encumbrance (such as a mortgage, charge or hypothec), or even stolen, the bill of lading will not grant full title to the holder. [23]