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In gravitational-wave astronomy, observations of gravitational waves are used to infer data about the sources of gravitational waves. Sources that can be studied this way include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs , neutron stars , and black holes ; events such as supernovae ; and the formation of the early universe shortly after the ...
Gravitational waves transport energy as gravitational radiation, a form of radiant energy similar to electromagnetic radiation. [7] Newton's law of universal gravitation , part of classical mechanics , does not provide for their existence, instead asserting that gravity has instantaneous effect everywhere.
Their existence was indirectly confirmed when observations of the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16 in 1974 showed an orbital decay which matched Einstein's predictions of energy loss by gravitational radiation. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 was awarded to Hulse and Taylor for this discovery. [60] Direct detection of gravitational waves had long been ...
The Chongqing University detector is planned to detect relic high-frequency gravitational waves with the predicted typical parameters ~ 10 10 Hz (10 GHz) and h ~ 10 −30 to 10 −31. Levitated Sensor Detector is a proposed detector for gravitational waves with a frequency between 10 kHz and 300 kHz, potentially coming from primordial black ...
In 2015, another application of the Michelson interferometer, LIGO, made the first direct observation of gravitational waves. [2] That observation confirmed an important prediction of general relativity, validating the theory's prediction of space-time distortion in the context of large scale cosmic events (known as strong field tests).
General relativity also predicts novel effects of gravity, such as gravitational waves, gravitational lensing and an effect of gravity on time known as gravitational time dilation. Many of these predictions have been confirmed by experiment or observation, most recently gravitational waves.
The method of virtual quanta is a method used to calculate radiation produced by interactions of electromagnetic particles, particularly in the case of bremsstrahlung.It can also be applied in the context of gravitational radiation, and more recently to other field theories by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Evan James Williams in 1934.
Alternatively, if gravitons are massive at all, the analysis of gravitational waves yielded a new upper bound on the mass of gravitons. The graviton's Compton wavelength is at least 1.6 × 10 16 m , or about 1.6 light-years , corresponding to a graviton mass of no more than 7.7 × 10 −23 eV / c 2 . [ 18 ]