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Each district has from one to 101 judges. Judges of the common pleas courts are elected to ten-year terms. A president judge and a court administrator serve in each judicial district. In districts with seven or fewer judges, the president judge with the longest continuous service holds this position.
(42 Pa.C.S. §§ 761–764). Article V, section 4 of the 1968 Pennsylvania Constitution created the Commonwealth Court. Acts enacted in 1970 set up the court. Judges are elected to 10-year terms, and must retire at the age of 75. The Commonwealth Court publishes its precedential opinions in the Atlantic Reporter 3d series.
Law clerks are referred to as judge's clerks in all four levels of the New Zealand court system. It is a fixed term position of 2 years. In the High Court, clerks are assigned to two or three judges (including Associate Judges). In the Court of Appeal of New Zealand and the Supreme Court of New Zealand, each judge has their own clerk. [27]
Opened July 11, 2018, replacing the adjoining State Correctional Institution – Graterford, which had been Pennsylvania's largest prison. Graterford opened in 1929 and worked with Eastern State Penitentiary until its closing in 1970.
To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first.
A president judge and a court administrator serve in each of the 60 judicial districts. In districts with seven or fewer judges, the president judge with the longest continuous service holds this position. In districts with eight or more judges, the president judge is elected to a five-year term by the court.
(PA Code of Judicial Conduct, Canon 7 (B)(1)(c)) [7] After the ten-year term expires, a statewide yes or no vote for retention is conducted. A judge who is retained serves another ten-year term. If the judge is not retained, the governor, subject to the approval of the State Senate, appoints a temporary replacement until a special election can ...
The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections Training Academy serves as a training area for prison employees working for the state and county. [14] It is located in Mount Joy Township, Lancaster County, [15] [16] near Elizabethtown and 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Harrisburg. The academy includes nine buildings on 265 acres (107 ha) of land. [14]