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Facial trauma, also called maxillofacial trauma, is any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns, lacerations and bruises, or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Symptoms are specific to the type of injury; for ...
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In blunt trauma, the facial nerve is the most commonly injured cranial nerve. [12] Physical trauma, especially fractures of the temporal bone, may also cause acute facial nerve paralysis. Understandably, the likelihood of facial paralysis after trauma depends on the location of the trauma.
The role of antibiotics in midface trauma is a complex and highly patient-dependent topic. Facial trauma patients with lacerations (or wounds) to the inner lining of the mouth or the nose traditionally have been started on antibiotics as soon as they enter the hospital and have remained on antibiotics for a minimum of 24 hours after surgery. [2]
A black eye, a common facial injury. Facial trauma may affect the eyes, nose, ears, or mouth. Nasal trauma is a common injury and the most common type of facial injury. [38] Oral injuries are typically caused by traffic accidents or alcohol-related violence, though falls are a more common cause in young children.
When zygoma fractures occur, the most typical symptoms are paresthesias in the upper lip, nose, cheek, and lower eyelid, diplopia, and pain.Particular physical characteristics that support zygomatic fracture include globe injury, impaired ocular motility, globe malposition, orbital emphysema, trismus, palpable stepoffs at the inferior or upper lateral edge of the orbit, reduced feeling ...
On battle grounds, it is more likely to be high velocity injuries (bullets and shrapnel). [39] Prior to the routine use of seat belts, airbags and modern safety measures, motor vehicle collisions were a leading cause of facial trauma. The relationship to blunt force trauma explains why 80% of all mandible fractures occur in males.
Craniofacial regeneration is necessary following injury to the facial tissue. This can occur during surgery, where doctors fracture the face of a patient in order to correct craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft lip, Apert syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Oligodontia, Cherubism, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer Syndrome, Craniosynostosis, or Goldenhar Syndrome.