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Inflorescence bud scales in Halesia carolina. The buds of many woody plants, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection.
For example, bud scales occur on numerous kinds of leaf or branch buds, as well as on flower buds. [citation needed] Protective masses of dead leaves encircle the stems of some species of palm trees or aloes, but those are not usually regarded as cataphylls because their primary function while alive is photosynthesis. [citation needed]
A scale leaf is a leaf with a reduced blade which is mainly formed by the amphigastrium. It can be dry, membranous or coriaceous, but also sometimes green. Scale leaves protect with their bud scales the leaves and flowers inside the bud from drying out in winter. In some species the scale leaves are additionally covered with a sticky layer of wax.
Stipules can be considered free lateral, adnate, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, ochreate, foliaceous, bud scales, tendrillar or spiny. A stipule can be fused to the stem, or to the other stipule from the same node. A stipule is "adnate" if it's fused together on part of the petiole length, but the anterior is still free.
Another common type of trichome is the scale or peltate hair, that has a plate or shield-shaped cluster of cells attached directly to the surface or borne on a stalk of some kind. Common examples are the leaf scales of bromeliads such as the pineapple , Rhododendron and sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides ).
There are numerous herbaceous and woody plant species that produce persistent parts such as bud scales, sepals (), fronds, fruits, seeds, strobili or styles.Note that the trait of persistence exhibited by a given species within a genus may not be exhibited by all species within the genus.
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The members of the pine family (pines, spruces, firs, cedars, larches, etc.) have cones that are imbricate (that is, with scales overlapping each other like fish scales).). These cones, especially the woody female cones, are considered the "archetypal" tree cones.The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract ...