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A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
Just as the photon, Z boson and W ± bosons are superpositions of the B 0, W 0, W 1, and W 2 fields, the photino, zino, and wino ± are superpositions of the bino 0, wino 0, wino 1, and wino 2. No matter if one uses the original gauginos or this superpositions as a basis, the only predicted physical particles are neutralinos and charginos as a ...
For a neutron, the result of this calculation is that the magnetic moment of the neutron is given by μ n = 4/3 μ d − 1/3 μ u, where μ d and μ u are the magnetic moments for the down and up quarks, respectively. This result combines the intrinsic magnetic moments of the quarks with their orbital magnetic moments, and assumes the three ...
According to the quark model, [8] the properties of hadrons are primarily determined by their so-called valence quarks. For example, a proton is composed of two up quarks (each with electric charge + + 2 ⁄ 3, for a total of + 4 ⁄ 3 together) and one down quark (with electric charge − + 1 ⁄ 3). Adding these together yields the proton ...
The 12 fundamental fermions are divided into 3 generations of 4 particles each. Half of the fermions are leptons, three of which have an electric charge of −1 e, called the electron (e −), the muon (μ −), and the tau (τ −); the other three leptons are neutrinos (ν e, ν μ, ν
In February 2015, the European-led research team behind the Planck cosmology probe released new data refining these values to 4.9% ordinary matter, 25.9% dark matter and 69.1% dark energy. A much greater density comes from the unidentified dark matter , although both ordinary and dark matter contribute in favour of contraction of the universe.
The unit fractions are the rational numbers that can be written in the form , where can be any positive natural number. They are thus the multiplicative inverses of the positive integers. When something is divided into n {\displaystyle n} equal parts, each part is a 1 / n {\displaystyle 1/n} fraction of the whole.
Nuclear physics. In nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF) (sometimes also called the Weizsäcker formula, Bethe–Weizsäcker formula, or Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula to distinguish it from the Bethe–Weizsäcker process) is used to approximate the mass of an atomic nucleus from its number of protons and neutrons.