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Political polarization (spelled polarisation in British English, African and Caribbean English, and New Zealand English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes.
Political polarization is the movement of political views and actions away from the center and toward more extreme views and policies. The United States has two main political parties, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.
Adams studies political polarization measured by how people feel about others in their own and opposition political parties. By those measures, sharpening negativity had been growing since at least the 1990s and continues today.
This rich dataset, coupled with trends and insights from two decades of Pew Research Center polling, reveals a complex picture of partisan polarization and how it manifests itself in political behaviors, policy debates, election dynamics and everyday life.
Political polarization is the ideological distance between opposed parties. If the differences are large, it can produce logjams, standoffs, and inflexibility in Congress and state and local governments. Though it can be frustrating, political polarization is not necessarily dysfunctional.
U.S. politicians’ strong ideological polarization has been increasing since the 1990s, and is largely due to local party procedures and primary elections. Most voters, however, are much less ideologically polarized (except for elites and highly politically engaged voters).
According to psychology professors Gordon Heltzel and Kristin Laurin, political polarization occurs when "subsets of a population adopt increasingly dissimilar attitudes toward parties and party members (i.e., affective polarization), as well as ideologies and policies (ideological polarization.)"
Political polarization – the ever-present and growing division between Republicans and Democrats along ideological lines – has a powerful grip on the United States, and a University of Houston researcher has helped explain why, reporting his findings in Science Advances.
Polarization Is Emotional Dislike Based on Identity That Affects Regular People. How Was America Polarized? What Is Causing Affective Polarization? Interventions to Reduce Affective Polarization. Third Generation Understanding: Cracks in the Foundations. Reducing Affective Polarization May Not Impact Violent or Antidemocratic Attitudes.
Fifteen interdisciplinary teams of political scientists and complex systems theorists in the natural sciences and engineering explored how polarization is produced and influenced over time by the actions and interactions of individual voters, people in power, and various social networks.