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Nernst equation. In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often ...
The Nernst–Planck equation is a continuity equation for the time-dependent concentration of a chemical species: where is the flux. It is assumed that the total flux is composed of three elements: diffusion, advection, and electromigration. This implies that the concentration is affected by an ionic concentration gradient , flow velocity , and ...
Applying the Nernst Equation above, one may account for these differences by changes in relative K + concentration or differences in temperature. For common usage the Nernst equation is often given in a simplified form by assuming typical human body temperature (37 °C), reducing the constants and switching to Log base 10.
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system at absolute zero is a well-defined constant. This is because a system at zero temperature exists in its ground state, so that its entropy is determined only by the degeneracy of the ground state. In 1912 Nernst stated the law thus: "It is impossible for any procedure to lead to ...
Walther Hermann Nernst ForMemRS (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst] ⓘ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physicist and physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of ...
All plasma membranes have an electrical potential across them, with the inside usually negative with respect to the outside. [1] The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of "molecular devices" embedded in the membrane. [2]
Distribution law or the Nernst's distribution law[1][2][better source needed] gives a generalisation which governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law was first given by Nernst who studied the distribution of several solutes between different appropriate pairs of solvents. C 1 /C 2 = K d.
The hydrogen electrode is based on the redox half cell corresponding to the reduction of two hydrated protons, 2H+(aq), into one gaseous hydrogen molecule, H2 (g). General equation for a reduction reaction: The reaction quotient (Qr) of the half-reaction is the ratio between the chemical activities (a) of the reduced form (the reductant, ared ...