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Live birth rate are significantly higher with progesterone to assist implantation in ICSI cycles. [24] Also, addition of a GNRH agonist has been estimated to increase success rates. [24] [25] Ultra-high magnification sperm injection (IMSI) has no evidence of increased live birth or miscarriage rates compared to standard ICSI. [26]
In ICSI a magnification of x400 is used, while in IMSI an amplification of x6000 to x10,000 is used, increasing the magnification by a factor of 15. This allows the sperm to be examined in greater detail, including the nucleus which contains the sperm's genetic material.
Live birth rate is the percentage of all cycles that lead to live birth, and is the pregnancy rate adjusted for miscarriages and stillbirths. For instance, in 2007, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27% with in vitro fertilisation .
Replacement fertility is the total fertility rate at which women give birth to enough babies to sustain population levels, assuming that mortality rates remain constant and net migration is zero. [8] If replacement level fertility is sustained over a sufficiently long period, each generation will exactly replace itself. [8]
When pregnancy is desired, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. The procedure's success rate varies depending on factors such as the individual's age (with higher odds of success in younger individuals), overall health, and genetic factors. The first human birth of oocyte cryopreservation was reported in ...
Low birth weight. [19] In IVF and ICSI, a risk factor is the decreased expression of proteins in energy metabolism; Ferritin light chain and ATP5A1. [20] Preterm birth. Low birth weight and preterm birth are strongly associated with many health problems, such as visual impairment and cerebral palsy. Children born after IVF are roughly twice as ...
A woman whose menstrual cycles ranged in length from 30 to 36 days would be estimated to be infertile for the first 11 days of her cycle (30-19=11), to be fertile on days 12–25, and to resume infertility on day 26 (36-10=26). When used to avoid pregnancy, such fertility awareness-based methods have a typical-use failure rate of 25% per year. [18]
This is a list of countries showing past fertility rate, ranging from 1950 to 2015 in five-year periods, as estimated by the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects database by the United Nations Population Division. The fertility rate equals the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years.