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Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (hereafter referred to as LC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. [5] LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes. [6]
LC3 cleavage is required for the terminal fusion of an autophagosome with its target membrane. LC3 is commonly used as a marker of autophagosomes in immunocytochemistry , because it is the essential part of the vesicle and stays associated until the last moment before its fusion.
The completed autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome through the actions of multiple proteins, including SNAREs [72] [73] and UVRAG. [74] Following the fusion LC3 is retained on the vesicle's inner side and degraded along with the cargo, while the LC3 molecules attached to the outer side are cleaved off by Atg4 and recycled. [75]
Since lipids are hydrophobic molecules, they need to be solubilized before their metabolism can begin. Lipid metabolism often begins with hydrolysis, [7] which occurs with the help of various enzymes in the digestive system. [2] Lipid metabolism also occurs in plants, though the processes differ in some ways when compared to animals. [8]
CMA is important in regulating cellular metabolism. Specific depletion of CMA in liver results in robust hepatic glycogen use accompanied with accumulation of fat in the liver, along with altered glucose homeostasis, increased energy expenditure and reduced peripheral adiposity. [ 15 ]
LC3/ATG8 is cleaved at its C terminus by ATG4 protease to generate the cytosolic LC3-I. LC3-I is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) also in a ubiquitin-like reaction that requires Atg7 and Atg3. The lipidated form of LC3, known as LC3-II, is attached to the autophagosome membrane. [citation needed]
The transient conjugation of Atg8 to the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine is essential for phagophore expansion as its mutation leads to defects in autophagosome formation. [9] It is distributed symmetrically on both sides of the autophagosome and it is assumed that there is a quantitative correlation between the amount of Atg8 and the ...
66734 Ensembl ENSG00000101460 ENSMUSG00000027602 UniProt Q9H492 Q91VR7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_032514 NM_181509 NM_025735 RefSeq (protein) NP_115903 NP_852610 NP_080011 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 34.55 – 34.56 Mb Chr 2: 155.12 – 155.12 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A ...
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