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Symptoms: Numbness, feeling cold, clumsiness, pale color [1] Complications: Hypothermia, compartment syndrome [2] [1] Types: Superficial, deep [2] Causes: Temperatures below freezing [1] Risk factors: Alcohol, smoking, mental health problems, certain medications, prior cold injury [1] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms [3] Differential diagnosis
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
Nonfreezing cold injury commonly affects the feet due to prolonged exposure to wet socks or cold standing water. [4] Symptoms progress through a series of four stages. [4] [15] A severe case of trench foot. During cold exposure. Affected skin becomes numb, which can cause a clumsy walking pattern if the feet are affected
Symptoms include bluish skin, dilated pupils, slowed pulse and breathing, low blood pressure and loss of consciousness. In severe cases, a person’s heart can stop beating, and they may require CPR.
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. [35] The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries. [35] [36]
This is a shortened version of the sixteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions. It covers ICD codes 780 to 799. The full chapter can be found on pages 455 to 471 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Where available, ICD-10 codes are listed. When codes are available both as a sign/symptom (R code) and as an underlying condition, the code for the sign is used. When there is no symptoms for a disease that a patient has, the patient is said to be asymptomatic.
ICD-9 chapters; Chapter Block Title I 001–139: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases II 140–239: Neoplasms III 240–279: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders IV 280–289: Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs V 290–319: Mental Disorders VI 320–389: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs ...