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The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
In a similar fashion, the horizontal axis of the chart is determined by vowel backness. Vowels with the tongue moved towards the front of the mouth (such as [ɛ], the vowel in "met") are to the left in the chart, while those in which it is moved to the back (such as [ʌ], the vowel in "but") are placed to the right in the chart.
Download QR code; In other projects ... Chart of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet (extIPA), as of 2015. This file uses the Unicode characters ...
The typeface used (unitipa) is a Unicode-compliant version of TeX tipa8, currently being developed on behalf of the IPA. What appears to be a hook added to the voiced uvular fricative is part of the font design, not a phonetic diacritic.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions ... The charts below show the way in which the ...