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Heron's formula is a special case of Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral. Heron's formula and Brahmagupta's formula are both special cases of Bretschneider's formula for the area of a quadrilateral. Heron's formula can be obtained from Brahmagupta's formula or Bretschneider's formula by setting one of the sides of the ...
In geometry, a Heronian triangle (or Heron triangle) is a triangle whose side lengths a, b, and c and area A are all positive integers. [1] [2] Heronian triangles are named after Heron of Alexandria, based on their relation to Heron's formula which Heron demonstrated with the example triangle of sides 13, 14, 15 and area 84.
This formula is the same as Heron's formula, proved by Heron of Alexandria about 60 BCE, though knowledge of the formula may go back to Archimedes. As precipitation was important agriculture and food production, Qin developed precipitation gauges that was widely used in 1247 during the Mongol Empire / Southern Song dynasty to gather ...
This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.
Heron of Alexandria (c. 10 –70 AD) is credited with Heron's formula for finding the area of a scalene triangle and with being the first to recognize the possibility of negative numbers possessing square roots. [77] Menelaus of Alexandria (c. 100 AD) pioneered spherical trigonometry through Menelaus' theorem. [78]
Brahmagupta was not able to apply his solution uniformly for all possible values of N, rather he was only able to show that if x 2 − Ny 2 = k has an integer solution for k = ±1, ±2, or ±4, then x 2 − Ny 2 = 1 has a solution. The solution of the general Pell's equation would have to wait for Bhāskara II in c. 1150 CE. [29]
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A Heronian tetrahedron [1] (also called a Heron tetrahedron [2] or perfect pyramid [3]) is a tetrahedron whose edge lengths, face areas and volume are all integers. The faces must therefore all be Heronian triangles (named for Hero of Alexandria ).