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The spinal veins (veins of the medulla spinalis or veins of the spinal cord) are situated in the pia mater and form a minute, tortuous, venous plexus. They emerge chiefly from the median fissures of the medulla spinalis and are largest in the lumbar region .
The most efficient way to study the spinal venous system along with the anterior spinal veins is to do it postmortem. These types of studies give an effective anatomical demonstration of how the system works. One of the few major studies of the venous anatomy was conducted by Armin Thron, which can be seen in his published “Vascular Anatomy ...
"gray's anatomy" thirthy sixth edition by Williams & Warwick. "Sobotta Atlas der Anatomie des menschen" volume 1 and 2 18.Auflage by Urban & Schwarzenberg "Atlas fotografico de anatomia del cuerpo humano" 3a edicion by Yokochi, Rohen & Weinreb; multiple websites included:, , , , , , and others. Author: LadyofHats, Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
Sectional organization of spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. [3] [4] Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous ...
Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs allows the examiner to evaluate the gross anatomy of the venous networks as well as the blood flow direction, which is crucial in determining vein pathology. It has become the reference standard used in the assessment of the condition and hemodynamics of the veins of the lower limbs.
The internal vertebral venous plexuses (intraspinal veins) lie within the vertebral canal in the epidural space, [1] [2] embedded within epidural fat. [2] [3] They receive tributaries from bones, red bone marrow, and spinal cord. They are arranged into four interconnected, vertically oriented vessels - two situated anteriorly, and two ...
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. Basivertebral veins; Anterior spinal veins; Posterior spinal veins; Veins of upper limb Subclavian vein; Axillary vein. Subscapular vein; Circumflex scapular vein. Thoracodorsal vein; Posterior circumflex humeral vein; Anterior circumflex humeral vein; Lateral thoracic vein; Superficial veins of upper ...
It is unclear whether basivertebral veins contain functional venous valves; blood flow through basivertebral veins may be reversible, suggesting a possible mechanism for metastatic spread of e.g. prostatic cancer to the spine during temporary blood flow reversals (e.g. during periods of elevated intra-abdominal pressure or during postural alterations).