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Tobacco smoke, besides being an irritant and significant indoor air pollutant, is known to cause lung cancer, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and other serious diseases in smokers (and in non-smokers as well). The actual mechanisms by which smoking can cause so many diseases remain largely unknown.
Common adverse effects of tobacco smoking. The more common effects are in boldface. [87] Cancer prevention poster from New Zealand. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and a global public health concern. [88] There are 1.3 billion tobacco users in the world, as per latest data from WHO. [17]
Cigarette smoke is a major modifiable risk factor for lung disease, heart disease, and many cancers. Smoke can also be a component of ambient air pollution due to the burning of coal in power plants, forest fires or other sources, although the concentration of pollutants in ambient air is typically much less than that in cigarette smoke.
The harms caused by inhaling tobacco smoke include diseases of the heart and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema), and cancer (particularly cancers of the lungs, larynx, mouth, and pancreas). Cancer is caused by inhaling carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke.
A 2011 report in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) lists 65 carcinogens or possible carcinogens: "Our list of hazardous smoke components includes all nine components reported in mainstream cigarette smoke that are known human carcinogens (IARC Group I carcinogens), as well as all nine components that ...
Tobacco smoking – method of consuming tobacco, from which small amounts are burned and the smoke inhaled. Cannabis smoking – method of consuming cannabis, from which small amounts are burned and the smoke inhaled.
Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer." [7] [2] [8] [9] See: Health effects of tobacco smoking and List of cigarette smoke carcinogens. Although many of these additives are used in making cigarettes, each cigarette does not contain all of these additives.
[3] [41] Although heated tobacco products may be less dangerous than cigarette smoking, the UK Committee on Toxicity suggests that it would be better for smokers to completely stop. [41] There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of HTPs on quitting smoking, [36] or possible effects of second-hand exposure. [32]