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Cyber–physical system. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation with physical processes. [1] In cyber-physical systems, physical and software components are deeply intertwined, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit multiple and distinct behavioral modalities, and interact with each other in ways ...
In essence, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes which include cyber-physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), [24] cloud computing, [25][26][27][28] cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence. [28][29] Machines improve human efficiency in ...
The same image viewed by white, blue, green, and red lights reveals different hidden numbers. Steganography (/ ˌ s t ɛ ɡ ə ˈ n ɒ ɡ r ə f i / ⓘ STEG-ə-NOG-rə-fee) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination.
e. Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communication networks. [1][2][3][4][5] The Internet of things encompasses electronics, communication, and computer science engineering.
Digital twin. A digital twin is a digital model of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as the effectively indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such as simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and maintenance. [1][2][3] A digital twin is set of ...
Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs. It is concerned with general principles that are relevant across multiple contexts, [1] including in ecological, technological, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in practical activities such as designing, [2] learning, and managing.
Physical computing involves interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them. [clarification needed] While this definition is broad enough to encompass systems such as smart automotive traffic control systems or factory automation processes, it is not commonly used to describe them. In a broader sense, physical computing ...
Digital forensics (sometimes known as digital forensic science) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery, investigation, examination, and analysis of material found in digital devices, often in relation to mobile devices and computer crime. [1][2] The term "digital forensics" was originally used as a synonym for computer ...