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n 1 = refractive index outside of the lens. n 2 = refractive index of the lens itself (inside the lens). R 1 = Radius of curvature of First surface. R 2 = Radius of curvature of Second surface. t = center thickness of lens. Single prism ()
A lenticular lens is an array of lenses, designed so that when viewed from slightly different angles, different parts of the image underneath are shown. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ failed verification – see discussion ] The most common example is the lenses used in lenticular printing , where the technology is used to give an illusion of depth, or to make ...
The Fresnel equations give the ratio of the reflectedwave's electric field to the incident wave's electric field, and the ratio of the transmittedwave's electric field to the incident wave's electric field, for each of two components of polarization. (The magneticfields can also be related using similar coefficients.)
The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium; a stack of thin films. [ 1 ][ 2 ] This is, for example, relevant for the design of anti-reflective coatings and dielectric mirrors. The reflection of light from a single interface ...
Thin lens. A lens may be considered a thin lens if its thickness is much less than the radii of curvature of its surfaces (d ≪ |R1| and d ≪ |R2|). In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces.
A gradient-index lens with a parabolic variation of refractive index (n) with radial distance (x). The lens focuses light in the same way as a conventional lens. If the refractive index of a medium is not constant but varies gradually with the position, the material is known as a gradient-index (GRIN) medium and is described by gradient index ...
Above: White light Interferogram, Below: Red-, Green- and Blue channels of the White light interferogram shown above. As described here, white light interferometry is a non-contact optical method for surface height measurement on 3D structures with surface profiles varying between tens of nanometers and a few centimeters.
For a single lens surrounded by a medium of refractive index n = 1, the locations of the principal points H and H ′ with respect to the respective lens vertices are given by the formulas = ′ = (), where f is the focal length of the lens, d is its thickness, and r 1 and r 2 are the radii of curvature of its surfaces. Positive signs indicate ...