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Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics. [1] [2] [3]Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈælɡərɪðəm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [ 1 ] Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing.
Pages. 392. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs[1] is a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth covering some of the fundamental topics of system engineering, computer programming, particularly that algorithms and data structures are inherently related. For example, if one has a sorted list one will use a search algorithm optimal for sorted lists.
Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding [1][2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more ...
Dinic's algorithm: is a strongly polynomial algorithm for computing the maximum flow in a flow network. Edmonds–Karp algorithm: implementation of Ford–Fulkerson. Ford–Fulkerson algorithm: computes the maximum flow in a graph. Karger's algorithm: a Monte Carlo method to compute the minimum cut of a connected graph.
For example, algorithms like find_if take a unary predicate that operates on the elements of a sequence. Algorithms like sort, partial_sort, nth_element and all sorted containers use a binary predicate that must provide a strict weak ordering, that is, it must behave like a membership test on a transitive, non-reflexive and asymmetric binary ...
Pseudocode. In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming ...
A data type that can appear to be of a generalized type (e.g. a list with elements of arbitrary type) is designated polymorphic data type like the generalized type from which such specializations are made. Parametric polymorphism is ubiquitous in functional programming, where it is often simply referred to as "polymorphism".