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Ribosome biogenesis is a very tightly regulated process, and it is closely linked to other cellular activities like growth and division. [3] [4] Some have speculated that in the origin of life, ribosome biogenesis predates cells, and that genes and cells evolved to enhance the reproductive capacity of ribosomes. [5]
Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Their main function is to convert genetic code into an amino acid sequence and to build protein polymers from amino acid monomers. Ribosomes act as catalysts in two extremely important biological processes called peptidyl transfer and peptidyl hydrolysis.
51119 66711 Ensembl ENSG00000126524 ENSMUSG00000025337 UniProt Q9Y3A5 P70122 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_016038 NM_023248 RefSeq (protein) NP_057122 NP_075737 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 66.99 – 67 Mb Chr 5: 130.27 – 130.28 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Ribosome maturation protein SBDS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SBDS gene. An alternative transcript has been ...
Ribosomes from all organisms share a highly conserved catalytic center. However, the ribosomes of eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and large number unicellular organisms all with a nucleus) are much larger than prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) ribosomes and subject to more complex regulation and biogenesis pathways.
EIF6 exists both in nucleolus and cytoplasm. In the eukaryotic nucleolus, a 90S pre-ribosomal complex separate to a 60S pre-ribosomal complex and a 40S pre-ribosomal complex, which are involved in synthesis of mature ribosome. EIF6 is indispensable in 60S subunit biogenesis and deletion of EIF6 has lethal effect.
Tumor suppressors like Rb and p53, on the other hand, can suppress ribosome biogenesis. Additionally, the nucleolus is an important cellular sensor for stress and plays a key role in the activation of p53. Ribosomopathy has been linked to the pathology of various malignancies. [45]
RLI and its homologues are also thought to play a role in ribosome biogenesis, nuclear export, or both. They have been found in the nucleus associated with the 40S and 60S subunits, as well as Hcr1p, a protein required for rRNA processing. It has been shown that the Fe/S clusters are necessary for ribosome biogenesis and/or nuclear export ...
All these findings suggest an important role of NPM1 in ribosome biogenesis. Most cancer cells have enlarged nucleoli and the aberrant overexpression of NPM1 has been correlated well with the increased ribosome biogenesis in highly proliferating cells. Thus NPM1 by controlling ribosome biogenesis could control the proliferative rate of cells.