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Apocrypha are biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of scripture, some of which might be of doubtful authorship or authenticity. [1] In Christianity , the word apocryphal (ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings that were to be read privately rather than in the public context of church services.
The Jewish apocrypha (Hebrew: הספרים החיצוניים, romanized: HaSefarim haChitzoniyim, lit. 'the outer books') are religious texts written in large part by Jews , especially during the Second Temple period , not accepted as sacred manuscripts when the Hebrew Bible was canonized .
The Gospel of Basilides is the title given to a reputed text within the New Testament apocrypha, which is reported in the middle of the 3rd century as then circulating amongst the followers of Basilides (Βασιλείδης), a leading theologian of Gnostic tendencies, who had taught in Alexandria in the second quarter of the 2nd century.
Excavations at Oxyrhynchus 1, c. 1903. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt ( 28°32′N 30°40′E / 28.533°N 30.667°E / 28.533; 30. ...
In 1960, Morton Smith announced the discovery of a previously unknown letter with authorship attributed to Clement of Alexandria. [1] Smith stated that while cataloging documents at the ancient monastery of Mar Saba in the summer of 1958, he discovered the text of the letter handwritten into the endpapers of Isaac Vossius' 1646 printed edition of the works of Ignatius of Antioch.
1) The Gospel of the Ebionites ("GE") – 7 quotations by Epiphanius. 2) The Gospel of the Hebrews ("GH") – 1 quotation ascribed to Cyril of Jerusalem, plus GH 2–7 quotations by Clement, Origen, and Jerome. 3) The Gospel of the Nazarenes ("GN") – GN 1 to GN 23 are mainly from Jerome; GN 24 to GN 36 are from medieval sources.
The Protestant Apocrypha contains three books (1 Esdras, 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh) that are accepted by many Eastern Orthodox Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches as canonical, but are regarded as non-canonical by the Catholic Church and are therefore not included in modern Catholic Bibles.
The Greek Gospel of the Egyptians, distinct from the later, wholly Gnostic Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians, is believed to have been written in the second quarter of the 2nd century. It was cited in Clement of Alexandria's work, the Stromata, where quotations provide many of the brief excerpts that are all that remain. Additionally, Hippolytus ...