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This technology is still in a developmental stage but, like other lab on a chip methods, it may lead to more portable diagnostic techniques. [28] [29] General process of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) used for bacterial pathogen identification. First, an infected tissue sample is taken from the patient.
Alternatively the intrinsic fluorescence of a sample (i.e., autofluorescence) can be used. [1] In the life sciences fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool which allows the specific and sensitive staining of a specimen in order to detect the distribution of proteins or other molecules of interest. As a result, there is a diverse range of ...
Light microscopes are used for viewing stained samples at high magnification, typically using bright-field or epi-fluorescence illumination. Staining is not limited to only biological materials, since it can also be used to study the structure of other materials; for example, the lamellar structures of semi-crystalline polymers or the domain ...
In preparation for imaging with a fluorescence microscope, different methods can be used, such as fluorophores or dyes, immunolabeling, and genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Different fluorescent labels can be used in order to highlight multiple regions of interest in the sample. [ 2 ]
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the photon emission of a fluorophore from a sample. It can be used as an imaging technique in confocal microscopy , two-photon excitation microscopy , and multiphoton tomography.
Immunocytochemistry labels individual proteins within cells, such as TH (green) in the axons of sympathetic autonomic neurons.. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it.
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Electron microscopy is a method that can take a picture of a whole virus and can reveal its shape and structure. It is not typically used as a routine diagnostic test as it requires a highly specialized type of sample preparation, microscope and technical expertise.