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Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
Phrased in another way, the MRR is equal to the volume of residue formed as a direct result of the removal from the workpiece per unit of time during a cutting operation. The material removal rate in a work process can be calculated as the depth of the cut, times the width of the cut, times the feed rate .
In machining, the rake angle is a parameter used in various cutting processes, describing the angle of the cutting face relative to the workpiece. There are three types of rake angles: positive, zero or neutral, and negative. Positive rake: A tool has a positive rake when the face of the cutting tool slopes away from the cutting edge at inner side.
These multi-component forces are measured as an individual component force in each co-ordinate, depending on the coordinate system used. The forces during machining are dependent on depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed, tool material and geometry, material of the work piece and other factors such as use of lubrication/cooling during machining.
Center gauges and fishtail gauges [1] are gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers. In the image, the gauge on the left is called a fishtail gauge or center gauge, and the one on the right is another style of center gauge. [2]
Usually 5 to 7 light cuts create the correct depth of the thread. [6] The coordination of various machine elements including leadscrew, slide rest, and change gears was the technological advance that allowed the invention of the screw-cutting lathe, which was the origin of single-point threading as we know it today.
A lathe is a machine tool used principally for shaping pieces of metal, wood, or other materials by causing the workpiece to be held and rotated by the lathe while a tool bit is advanced into the work causing the cutting action.
Crater wear occurs approximately at a height equalling the cutting depth of the material. Crater wear depth (t 0) = cutting depth; Notch wear which happens on both the insert rake and flank face along the depth of cut line causing localised damage to it primarily due to pressure welding of the chips. The chips literally get welded to the insert.