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Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues off substrates, for example silicon wafers. [1] Because the mixture is a strong oxidizing agent, it will decompose most organic matter, and it will also hydroxylate most ...
Piranha solution in particular constitutes quite a harsh treatment that can potentially damage the integrity of the silicon surface. Finlayson-Pitts et al. investigated the effect of certain treatments on silicon and concluded that both the roughness (3-5 Å) and the presence of scattered large particles were preserved after 1 cycle of plasma ...
The optional second step (for bare silicon wafers) is a short immersion in a 1:100 or 1:50 solution of aqueous HF (hydrofluoric acid) at 25 °C for about fifteen seconds, in order to remove the thin oxide layer and some fraction of ionic contaminants. If this step is performed without ultra high purity materials and ultra clean containers, it ...
Aqua regia (/ ˈreɪɡiə, ˈriːdʒiə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [b] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and ...
The Hoagland solution is a hydroponic nutrient solution that was newly developed by Hoagland and Snyder in 1933, [1] modified by Hoagland and Arnon in 1938, [2] and revised by Arnon in 1950. [3] It is one of the most popular standard artificial solution compositions for growing plants, in the scientific world at least, with more than 20,000 ...
The Piranha Plant's Japanese name, Pakkun Flower, is derived from paku-paku (パクパク), an onomatopoeic Japanese word for mouth movements made when eating. [1] [2] First appearing in 1985's Super Mario Bros., Piranha Plants are originally depicted as stationary carnivorous plants confined to green warp pipes bristling out of the game world, lying in wait for prey to come within range like ...
Agroinfiltration is a method used in plant biology and especially lately in plant biotechnology to induce transient expression of genes in a plant, or isolated leaves from a plant, or even in cultures of plant cells, in order to produce a desired protein. In the method, a suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is introduced into a plant leaf ...
Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper (II) sulphate (CuSO 4) and quicklime (Ca O) used as a fungicide. It is used in vineyards, fruit-farms and gardens to prevent infestations of downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi. It is sprayed on plants as a preventive treatment; its mode of action is ineffective after a ...