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American skater Nathan Chen performing a quad jump during his free skate at the 2018 Internationaux de France. A quadruple jump or quad is a figure skating jump with at least four (but fewer than five) revolutions. [1] All quadruple jumps have four revolutions, except for the quadruple Axel, which has four and a half revolutions.
The Axel jump, also called the Axel Paulsen jump for its creator, Norwegian figure skater Axel Paulsen, is an edge jump. [51] It is figure skating's oldest and most difficult jump. [18] [49] The Axel jump is the most studied jump in figure skating. [52] It is the only jump that begins with a forward takeoff, which makes it the easiest jump to ...
Jozef Sabovčík had previously landed a quad toe loop at the 1986 European Championships which was recognized at the event but then ruled invalid three weeks later. [4] Browning later said, "I remember that there were a few people landing the jump (in practice) long before I did, and by watching them I was inspired to try it myself.
one triple or quadruple jump; a jump combination consisting of either a double jump and a triple jump, two triple jumps, a quadruple jump and a double jump, or a triple jump; one flying spin; a camel spin or sit spin with just one change of foot; a spin combination with just one change of foot; a step sequence using the entire ice surface. [22]
By the middle of the 20th century, they had graduated to double jumps. By the 1980s, the triple Lutz was the benchmark for men. Throughout the '80s, it was the triple Axel, though attempts at a quad were already being made. Finally, a quadruple jump became an essential element in the programs of many men in the '90s and into the new millennium.
The latest amendment, adopted by the ISU in June 2018, states that "of all triple and quadruple jumps only two can be executed twice" and "of the two repetitions only one can be a quadruple jump". [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The unofficial name of the rule refers to Elaine Zayak , who gained an athletic advantage by performing multiple double Axels and triple ...
In the free programme he included a quadruple jump combination (the only one in the competition) and moved him all the way up to fourth, just off the podium behind American Rudy Galindo, who won the bronze. His quadruple toe loop–triple toe loop was the first ever performed by a skater in a major competition.
Pair lift groups [5]; Groups Position Notes One: Armpit hold position: Two: Waist hold position: If the lift is accomplished with a simple loop-type take-off and the woman position is vertical, with her head up facing either direction and with no other variations, the lift is categorized as a Group Two position; any other position by the woman is categorized as a Group Three position.