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Klebsiella oxytoca on agar plate. Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.
K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants, thus are called associative nitrogen fixers or diazotrophs. [ 5 ] [ 18 ] The bacteria attach strongly to root hairs and less strongly to the surface of the zone of elongation and the root cap mucilage . [ 19 ]
The genus Klebsiella was named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). [citation needed] It is also known as Friedlander's bacillum in honor of Carl Friedländer, a German pathologist, who proposed that this bacterium was the etiological factor for the pneumonia seen especially in immunocompromised individuals such as people with chronic diseases or alcoholics.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been defined as carbapenem-nonsusceptible and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Klebsiella oxytoca. Some exclude ertapenem resistance from the definition. [5]
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common Klebsiella species found in humans, the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, in sewage and in soil. [7] On carbohydrate-rich media, Klebsiella colonies appear greyish-white in colour with a mucosal outer surface. [6]
Klebsiella aerogenes, [2] previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, citrate-positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3] Capable of motility via peritrichous flagella, [ 4 ] it is approximately one to three microns in length.
“Don’t forget the size and type of bread matters,” Gans says. “Opt for whole grains vs. white flour and, if possible, sliced bread vs. dense rolls.” ...
There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM β-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM β-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii.