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Cefoperazone/sulbactam is a combination drug used as an antibiotic. It is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections . [ 2 ] It contains cefoperazone , a β-lactam antibiotic , and sulbactam , a β-lactamase inhibitor , which helps prevent bacteria from breaking down cefoperazone.
Cefoperazone contains an N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain.As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTT, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse effect), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
[15] [16] These include latamoxef , cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefmetazole, and cefotetan. This is thought to be due to the methylthiotetrazole side-chain of these cephalosporins, which blocks the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (likely causing hypothrombinemia) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (causing alcohol intolerance). [17]
Common side effect include nausea, fever, liver problems, headache, trouble sleeping, and pain at the site of infusion. [4] Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis, seizures, and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. [4] While use appears to be safe in pregnancy the medication has not been well studied in this group. [6]
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics. [1] It was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1986. [2]
Teeth discoloration and same side effects as tetracycline. Not to be given to children and pregnant or lactating women. Similar structure with tetracycline, but five times stronger, big volume distribution and long half-time in the body Tinidazole: Tindamax Fasigyn: Protozoal infections: Upset stomach, bitter taste, and itchiness: Trimethoprim(Bs)
Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis, seizures, and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. [4] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. [ 5 ] Meropenem works by blocking the construction of the bacterial cell wall while vaborbactam blocks the breakdown of meropenem by some beta-lactamases .
Adverse effects to monobactams can include skin rash and occasional abnormal liver functions. [citation needed]Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins, most notably ceftazidime, which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [9]