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Harlequin color change is a cutaneous condition seen in newborn babies characterized by momentary red color changes of half the child, sharply demarcated at the body's midline. This transient change occurs in approximately 10% of healthy newborns. [1] It is seen usually between two and five days of birth.
A child with Harlequin-type ichthyosis. Visible plates on the skin and changes in the appearance of the ears and fingers, are symptoms of Harlequin-type ichthyosis. [10] Newborns with harlequin-type ichthyosis present with thick, fissured armor-plate hyperkeratosis. [11] Sufferers feature severe cranial and facial deformities.
Treatment for blue baby syndrome will depend on the underlying cause. When evaluating a patient for cyanosis or respiratory distress, vital signs should be monitored, especially the patient's heart rate and oxygen saturation. It is beneficial to have vascular access established.
The "Harlequin sign" is unilateral flushing and sweating of the face, neck, and upper chest usually after exposure to heat or strenuous exertion. [6] Horner syndrome, another problem associated with the sympathetic nervous system, is often seen in conjunction with harlequin syndrome.
Treatment options for IHs include medical therapies (systemic, intralesional, and topical), surgery, and laser therapy. Prior to 2008, the mainstay of therapy for problematic hemangiomas was oral corticosteroids , which are effective and remain an option for patients in whom beta-blocker therapy is contraindicated or poorly tolerated.
There are also a number of other conditions that affect hands, feet, and parts of the face with associated skin color changes that need to be differentiated from acrocyanosis: Raynaud phenomenon, pernio, acrorygosis, erythromelalgia, and blue finger syndrome. The diagnosis may be challenging in some cases, especially when these syndromes co-exist.
The protocol was created by a committee of physicians and others at the University Medical Center Groningen, in consultation with the Groningen district attorney, and has been ratified by the Dutch National Association of Pediatricians.
Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). [3]