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Tannins are mainly physically located in the vacuoles or surface wax of plants. These storage sites keep tannins active against plant predators, but also keep some tannins from affecting plant metabolism while the plant tissue is alive. Tannins are classified as ergastic substances, i.e., non-protoplasm materials found in cells. Tannins, by ...
The most abundant polyphenols are the condensed tannins, found in virtually all families of plants. Larger polyphenols are often concentrated in leaf tissue, the epidermis, bark layers, flowers and fruits but also play important roles in the decomposition of forest litter, and nutrient cycles in forest ecology.
Tannins are then released into the vacuole and stored inside as tannin accretions. They are responsible for synthesizing and producing condensed tannins and polyphenols . Tannosomes condense tannins in chlorophyllous organs, providing defenses against herbivores and pathogens, and protection against UV radiation.
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds. Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters. More complex polyphenols, having the same polymeric building block, form the group of condensed tannins.
As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] : 104 Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants.
The study of plant defenses against herbivory is important from an evolutionary viewpoint; for the direct impact that these defenses have on agriculture, including human and livestock food sources; as beneficial 'biological control agents' in biological pest control programs; and in the search for plants of medical importance.
The amount and viscosity of the mucilage are important nattō characteristics, contributing to nattō's unique taste and smell. The mucilage of two kinds of insectivorous plants , sundew ( Drosera ) [ 9 ] and butterwort ( Pinguicula ) , [ 10 ] is used for the traditional production of a variant of the yogurt -like Swedish dairy product called ...
Excretory idioblasts store oils, lipids, tannins, mucilage, and minerals. [3] They are currently under research for their storage of the important medicinal qualities of plants. Selective culturing of excretory idioblasts allows better harvesting of their stored products. Tracheoid idioblasts strongly resemble tracheids, or water-conducting cells.