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A BitTorrent tracker is a special type of server that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol.. In peer-to-peer file sharing, a software client on an end-user PC requests a file, and portions of the requested file residing on peer machines are sent to the client, and then reassembled into a full copy of the requested file.
This contrasts with regular downloads (such as from an HTTP server, for example) that, while more vulnerable to overload and abuse, rise to full speed very quickly, and maintain this speed throughout. In the beginning, BitTorrent's non-contiguous download methods made it harder to support "streaming playback".
In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file or meta-info file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms. [1]
Testing by one group found that super seeding can help save an upload ratio of around 20%. It works best when the upload speed of the seed is greater than that of individual peers. [4] Super seeding transfers stall when there is only one downloading client. The seeders will not send more data until a second client receives the data.
The collective retirement savings plans (plan d'épargne pour la retraite collectif) were introduced by François Fillon in 2006. They are company plans that enable employees to get tax credits when they contribute to these funds. Employee contributions are strictly regulated.
[citation needed] A French law of 3 June 1975 changed the designation to maison de retraite (retirement home), partly because the old terminology had become derogatory. Another reform in 1999 created the new term Établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD).
Pension age in the United States is determined on one's birth year, the earliest a person can retire is 62, but benefits for a single may be a 25% to 30% reduction, as the full benefit amount (100%) is for retirees is 66, however if a prospective retiree delays taking out Government benefits until 70, the full pension amount is increased (125%).
The French Pension Reserve Fund (French: Fonds de Réserve pour les Retraites, FRR) [1] is a public entity created by law n°2001-624 dated 17 July 2001. Its mission is to invest monies entrusted to it by the public authorities on behalf of the community with the aim of financing the French pension system.