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Additionally, there have been many documented major local cholera outbreaks, such as a 1991–1994 outbreak in South America and, more recently, the 2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak. [ 2 ] Although much is known about the mechanisms behind the spread of cholera , this has not led to a full understanding of what makes cholera outbreaks happen ...
Cholera (/ ˈ k ɒ l ər ə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. [3]The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. [2]
Cholera is known for its ability to quickly spread and flourish in every environment. Because of this Cholera was found in almost every part of the country during this period. Cholera's impact during the 1832 epidemic was particularly profound on indigenous communities. Cholera spread to Native populations in 1832 through waterways.
John Lea's map of cholera cases on or near Sycamore Street in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1849. John Lea (born 27 January 1782, died 3 June 1862, Cincinnati, Ohio [ 1 ] ) was a lay epidemiologist most noted today for his contribution to understanding the water-borne nature of cholera .
In The Indian Cholera (Den indiske Cholera, 1835), he set his play in Colonial India, lambasting the poor response to the pandemic by authorities. [25] [26] [27] In response to the second cholera pandemic, the Ottoman Empire and Egypt reformed their quarantine systems, following the western Mediterranean model. In 1831, the Egyptian Quarantine ...
Cholera hit Ireland in 1849 and killed many of the Irish Famine survivors, already weakened by starvation and fever. [10] In 1849, cholera claimed 5,308 lives in the major port city of Liverpool, England, an embarkation point for immigrants to North America, and 1,834 in Hull, England. [11] In 1849, a second major outbreak occurred in Paris.
In 1881, the cholera bacterium spread both East and West, and eventually reached Europe and Latin America. [ 2 ] [ 9 ] From its endemic origin in the Ganges Delta in West Bengal, there was a virulent outbreak in the Punjab and Lahore in northwest India in the years 1881–82, with a very serious death rate.
Whilst John Snow's epidemiological maps were well recognized and led to the removal of the Broad Street pump handle (e.g., the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak), in 1874, scientific representatives from 21 countries voted unanimously to resolve that cholera was caused by environmental toxins from miasmata, or clouds of unhealthy substances ...