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The Four Winds are a group of mythical figures in Mesopotamian mythology whose names and functions correspond to four cardinal directions of wind. They were both cardinal concepts (used for mapping and understanding geographical features in relation to each other) as well as characters with personality, who could serve as antagonistic forces or helpful assistants in myths.
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity.This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources.
Between 7000 and 5000 years ago, in the Northern Hemisphere, the Mesopotamia, Nile, Indus, Ganges basins, as well as the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins have successively produced the world's Four Great Ancient Civilizations. These four civilizations have successively entered the Bronze Age from the Neolithic Age, and then entered the ...
Lilû (wind) demons are the class to which Pazuzu and his subjects belong. [6] There is a connection to the earlier Babylonian personifications of The Four Winds. [15] These beings, as depicted on several cylinder seals, have wings, and each represents a different wind direction; South, East, West, and North. [15]
In Mesopotamian cosmology, four rivers flowing out of the garden of creation, which is the center of the world, define the four corners of the world. [1] From the point of view of the Akkadians, the northern geographical horizon was marked by Subartu, the west by Mar.tu, the east by Elam and the south by Sumer; later rulers of all of Mesopotamia, such as Cyrus, claimed among their titles LUGAL ...
The world was fashioned from Tiamat's corpse with Babylon as the center, and Marduk assumes kingship and receives his fifty names. The fifty names taken was based on the An = Anum god list, the columnar arrangement removed and slotted in. [ 115 ] One of his titles, bēl mātāti (king of the lands) originally belonged to Enlil, who was ...
The aridification of Mesopotamia may have been related to the onset of cooler sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic (Bond event 3), as analysis of the modern instrumental record shows that large (50%) interannual reductions in Mesopotamian water supply result when subpolar northwest Atlantic sea surface temperatures are anomalously ...
In the Hebrew Bible, there is frequent reference to four cardinal directions. [5] The names of the directions seem to be associated with physical landmarks for the ancient Israelites living in the region of Judea, e.g. East is referred to as kedem, which may derive from "edom" ("red"), and may be a reference to the color of the rising dawn, or the red sandstone cliffs of the Land of Edom to ...