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Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (APG), also known as Thermally Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (TPG), [1] is a form of synthetic graphite that offers excellent in-plane thermal conductivity. As with pyrolytic carbon or pyrolytic graphite (PG), APG is also low in mass, is electrically conductive , and offers diamagnetic properties that allow it to ...
It is sometimes called white graphite, due to its similar properties. When a large number of crystallographic defects bind its planes together, graphite loses its lubrication properties and becomes what is known as pyrolytic graphite. It is also highly anisotropic, and diamagnetic, thus it will float in mid-air above a strong magnet.
Annealed pyrolytic graphite, a thermally conductive form of synthetic graphite; Anterior pituitary gland, an endocrine gland; APG Airlines, a French airline based in Cannes; APG (pension fund), a Netherlands-based pension fund established under the Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP; Arc pair grammar; Artist Placement Group, an art group founded in 1966.
In its pure glassy (isotropic) synthetic forms, pyrolytic graphite and carbon fiber graphite are extremely strong, heat-resistant (to 3000 °C) materials, used in reentry shields for missile nosecones, solid rocket engines, high temperature reactors, brake shoes and electric motor brushes.
Pyrolytic graphite is also more diamagnetic (χ = −4×10 −4) against the cleavage plane, exhibiting the greatest diamagnetism (by weight) of any room-temperature diamagnet. In comparison [ dubious – discuss ] , pyrolytic graphite has a relative permeability of 0.9996, whereas bismuth has a relative permeability of 0.9998 ( table ).
Calcium graphite CaC 6 is obtained by immersing highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in liquid Li–Ca alloy for 10 days at 350 °C. The crystal structure of CaC 6 belongs to the R 3 m space group. The graphite interlayer distance increases upon Ca intercalation from 3.35 to 4.524 Å, and the carbon-carbon distance increases from 1.42 to 1.444 Å.
Graphite – also used as opacifier in rocket fuels to prevent heat transfer by radiation into lower layers of fuels and avoid the related explosions; Carbon black – produces long lasting fine gold sparks in fireworks, also used as opacifier in rocket fuels; Asphaltum – carbon-based fuel, also used as a binder. Some forms contain ammonia ...
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