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The Senate finally joined the House to submit the Seventeenth Amendment to the states for ratification, nearly ninety years after it first was presented to the Senate in 1826. [ 34 ] By 1912, 239 political parties at both the state and national level had pledged some form of direct election, and 33 states had introduced the use of direct ...
North Carolina was the 12th state to ratify the new United States Constitution, doing so in November 1789, months after the First Congress had first convened. [38] A few days after that ratification, on November 26, 1789, the two houses of the state legislature jointly elected incumbent Governor Samuel Johnston (who was considered pro ...
New York becomes the eleventh state to ratify the Constitution (30–27). [ 38 ] [ 39 ] In addition to ratifying the constitution, New York issues a circular letter requesting that 33 alterations be made to it, and also that the new United States Congress take positive action on all amendments demanded by other state ratifying conventions.
New Jersey ratified on December 19, 1787, and Georgia on January 2, 1788, both unanimously. The requirement of ratification by nine states, set by Article Seven of the Constitution, was met when New Hampshire voted to ratify, on June 21, 1788. In New York, fully two thirds of the convention delegates were at first opposed to the Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution's Section 3 of Article I, establishes the Senate, qualifications for senators and their role after a presidential impeachment.
While these compromises held the Union together and aided the Constitution's ratification, slavery continued for six more decades and the less populous states continue to have disproportional representation in the U.S. Senate and Electoral College. [18] [12] Since the Constitution became operational in 1789, it has been amended 27 times.
The Constitution went into effect on June 21, 1788, in the nine states that had ratified it, and the U.S. federal government began operations under it on March 4, 1789, when it was in effect in 11 out of the 13 states. [1] Since then, 37 states have been admitted into the Union.
The Senate's structure gives states with smaller populations the same number of senators (two) as states with larger populations. Historian Daniel Wirls contends that this structure makes the Senate "non-democratic", [10] and Levitsky and Ziblatt argue that the Senate is America's most minoritarian (undemocratic) institution. [78]