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Use is not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding. [3] [4] Because of the risk of injury, skeletal muscle relaxants should generally be avoided in geriatric patients. [3] Methocarbamol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. [3] How it works is unclear, but it does not appear to affect muscles directly. [3]
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk .
In March 2011, the FDA notified healthcare professionals and patients of an increased risk of development of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (oral clefts) in infants born to women treated with Topamax (topiramate) during pregnancy and placed it in Pregnancy Category D. [38]
Use is not recommended during the last part of pregnancy or during breastfeeding. [4] Ketorolac works by blocking cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2), thereby decreasing production of prostaglandins. [4] [9] Ketorolac was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1989. It is available as a generic medication.
It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby. [4] [5] The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible. [2] It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine. [6] Diethylcarbamazine was discovered in 1947 [7] by Yellapragada Subbarow.
Etoricoxib, sold under the brand name Arcoxia, is a selective COX-2 inhibitor developed and commercialized by Merck.It is approved in 63 countries worldwide as of 2007, except the United States where the Food and Drug Administration sent a Non Approvable Letter to Merck and required them to provide additional data.
It is not recommended in people with a history of a severe penicillin allergy. [6] It appears to be relatively safe during pregnancy. [7] It is in the third-generation cephalosporin class of medications. [5] It works by disrupting the bacteria's cell wall resulting in its death. [5]