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A spider angioma or spider naevus (plural: spider naevi), also nevus araneus, is a type of telangiectasis [2] (swollen, spider-like blood vessels on the skin) found slightly beneath the skin's surface, often containing a central red spot and deep reddish extensions (see Blood color) which radiate outwards like a spider's web or a spider's legs.
Pregnancy: Pregnancy is a key factor contributing to the formation of varicose and spider veins. Changes in hormone levels are one of the most important reasons women are more likely to develop varicose veins during pregnancy. There is an increase in progesterone, which causes the veins to relax and potentially swell more easily. [6]
Produces abdominal collateral veins to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs. Determine the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus. After pushing down on the prominent vein, blood will: flow toward the legs → caput medusae; flow toward the head → inferior vena cava obstruction.
cirrhosis liver (post-mortem), probable alcoholic cirrhosis. These features are a direct consequence of liver cells not functioning: Spider angiomata or spider nevi happen when there is dilatation of vasculature beneath the skin surface. [29] There is a central, red spot with reddish extensions that radiate outward.
Gastric varices are dilated submucosal veins in the lining of the stomach, which can be a life-threatening cause of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.They are most commonly found in patients with portal hypertension, or elevated pressure in the portal vein system, which may be a complication of cirrhosis.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency is a potentially life-threatening condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed. It is a complication of high-dose chemotherapy given before a bone marrow transplant or excessive exposure to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
The right hepatic vein is the longest and largest of all the hepatic veins. It drains the liver segments VI and VII in their entirety, and variably participates in the drainage of segments V and VIII; the extent of drainage of the latter two segments by the right hepatic veins as opposed to the middle hepatic vein and possible variant accessory veins determines the calibre of the right hepatic ...
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
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