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In solid-state physics, metal-induced gap states are electron states that exist near the surface of a semiconductor due to the presence of a metal on the surface. They have energies that fall within the semiconductor's bandgap thus are forbidden in the bulk of the semiconductor.
The nature of these metal-induced gap states and their occupation by electrons tends to pin the center of the band gap to the Fermi level, an effect known as Fermi level pinning. Thus the heights of the Schottky barriers in metal–semiconductor contacts often show little dependence on the value of the semiconductor or metal work functions, in ...
This model includes a dipole layer at the interface between the two semiconductors which arises from electron tunneling from the conduction band of one material into the gap of the other (analogous to metal-induced gap states). This model agrees well with systems where both materials are closely lattice matched [11] such as GaAs/AlGaAs.
The unpaired electrons in the dangling bonds of the surface atoms interact with each other to form an electronic state with a narrow energy band, located somewhere within the band gap of the bulk material. For simplicity, the surface state band is assumed to be half-filled with its Fermi level located at the mid-gap energy of the bulk.
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Fluorescence microscopy relies upon fluorescent compounds, or fluorophores, in order to image biological systems.Since fluorescence and phosphorescence are competitive methods of relaxation, a fluorophore that undergoes intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state no longer fluoresces and instead remains in the triplet excited state, which has a relatively long lifetime, before ...
A pseudogap can be seen with several different experimental methods. One of the first observations was in NMR measurements of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x by H. Alloul et al. [7] and by specific heat measurements by Loram et al. [8] The pseudogap is also apparent in ARPES (Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) and STM (Scanning tunneling microscope) data, which can measure the density of states of ...
A band gap is the range in a solid where no electron state can exist. The band gap of insulators is much larger than in semiconductors. Conductors or metals have a much smaller or nonexistent band gap than semiconductors since the valence and conduction bands overlap. Controlling the band gap allows for the creation of desirable electrical ...