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Within craniofacial disorders and abnormalities, orofacial clefts, and specifically cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common in humans. [9] Occurrences of CL/P are most often (around seventy percent of cases) isolated and nonsyndromic, meaning they are not associated with a syndrome or inherited genetic conditions.
A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose. [1] The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. [1] A cleft palate occurs when the palate (the roof of the mouth) contains an opening into the nose. [1] The term orofacial cleft refers to either condition
A bifid nose (also known as cleft nose) is an uncommon congenital malformation which is characterized by the presence of a cleft between the two nostrils of the nose. [1] It is the result of a disturbance during embryological nose development. [2] It is part of the Tessier classification for craniofacial clefts. [3]
Cleft palate does not have laterality in the same sense that the cleft lip does. Rather, there are certain morphologic forms of cleft palate (described succinctly by the Veau classification, as explained in detail below). An isolated cleft of the palate (whether Veau-I soft palate only or Veau-II hard and soft palate) is a "midline" cleft.
The cleft associated with macrostomia is associated with improper or failed fusion of the mandibular and maxillary processes during embryonic development. [3] This can lead to a variety of abnormalities involving skin , subcutaneous tissue , facial muscles, and the mucous membrane . [ 5 ]
In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. [1] The term comes from Latin for "face". [2] As a fifth declension noun, [3] facies can be both singular and plural.
Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a congenital malformation of the midface. [1] For the diagnosis of FND, a patient should present at least two of the following characteristics: hypertelorism (an increased distance between the eyes), a wide nasal root, vertical midline cleft of the nose and/or upper lip, cleft of the wings of the nose, malformed nasal tip, encephalocele (an opening of the skull ...
In 2002 and 2003, two living male infants with partial diprosopus were described in the medical literature in separate case reports. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] One infant was born with duplication of the nose and the cerebral frontal lobes, two widely spaced eyes, a small, underdeveloped central eye socket, and a large, asymmetric mouth.