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The steering kingpin is held in place by the forked ends of a beam axle on a Ford Model T. The kingpin (also king-pin, king pin and k pin) [1] [2] is the main pivot in the steering mechanism of a car or other vehicle. The term is also used to refer to part of a fifth wheel coupling apparatus for a semi and its trailer or other load.
The term fifth wheel comes from a similar coupling used on four-wheel horse-drawn carriages and wagons. The device allowed the front axle assembly to pivot in the horizontal plane, to facilitate turning. A wheel would be placed on the rear frame section of the truck, which at the time had only four wheels, making the additional wheel the "fifth ...
It was invented by the German carriage builder Georg Lankensperger in Munich in 1816, then patented by his agent in England, Rudolph Ackermann (1764–1834) in 1818 for horse-drawn carriages. Erasmus Darwin may have a prior claim as the inventor dating from 1758. [2] He devised his steering system because he was injured when a carriage tipped over.
The regular manufacture of horse-drawn vehicles ended when Erskine ordered the removal of the last wagon gear in 1919. [16]: 90 To its range of cars, Studebaker would now add a truck line to replace the horse-drawn wagons. Buses, fire engines, and even small rail locomotive-kits [17] were produced using the same powerful six-cylinder engines.
Buckboard Stereo card showing a long buckboard. Note the boards lay directly on the axles without springs Duke's cigarettes advertising insert card, 1850–1920. A buckboard is a four-wheeled wagon of simple construction meant to be drawn by a horse or other large animal.
Hubley Real Toys 1958 Ford Sheriff's Car in about 1:50 scale. Toy is from about 1960. Wheels are from a later Matchbox. Another direction around 1960, was Hubley's pre-assembled Real Toys line (called Real Types in Canada). These cars were about 1:50 scale and measured approximately 3 1 ⁄ 4 inches long. [10]
Hearse: The horse-drawn version of a modern hearse. Herdic: A specific type of horse-drawn carriage, used as an omnibus. Irish jaunting car, or outside car (1890–1900) Jaunting car: a sprung cart in which passengers sat back to back with their feet outboard of the wheels. Karozzin: a traditional Maltese carriage drawn by one horse or a pair