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Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
Despite a large body of positive psychological research into the relationship between happiness and productivity, [1] [2] [3] happiness at work has traditionally been seen as a potential by-product of positive outcomes at work, rather than a pathway to business success. Happiness in the workplace is usually dependent on the work environment.
According to the United States Department of Labor, “In 2009, employed persons worked an average of 7.5 hours on the days they worked, which were mostly weekdays.[In addition to that], 84 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at their workplace.” [7] This indicates that majority of the population spend their waking hours at work, outside their homes.
In the book Empowerment Takes More Than a Minute, the authors illustrate three keys that organizations can use to open the knowledge, experience, and motivation power that people already have. [7] The three keys that managers must use to empower their employees are: Share information with everyone; Create autonomy through boundaries
One of the biggest benefits is productivity. Happy workers are 12% more productive. [5] The increased productivity can be attributed to a number of factors, including reduction in workplace accidents, decreased stress levels, and even a downturn in number of sick days taken due to the positive effect on employee health that high morale provides.
Employee engagement is a multifaceted concept that extends across various stages of the employee lifecycle. [31] From the initial interaction with potential candidates to the feedback gathered during exit interviews, organizations employ different strategies to foster a positive and productive work environment.
In particular, Equity Theory research has tested employee sentiments regarding equitable compensation. Employee inputs take the form of work volume and quality, performance, knowledge, skills, attributes and behaviors. The company-generated outcomes include rewards such as compensation, praise and advancement opportunities.
Organizational commitment predicts work variables such as turnover, organizational citizenship behavior, and job performance. Some of the factors such as role stress, empowerment, job insecurity and employability, and distribution of leadership have been shown to be connected to a worker's sense of organizational commitment.