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Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
For a response of 0.25a.u., Drug B is more potent, as it generates this response at a lower concentration. For a response of 0.75a.u., Drug A is more potent. a.u. refers to "arbitrary units". In pharmacology , potency or biological potency [ 1 ] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a ...
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
The Hill equation can be used to describe dose–response relationships, for example ion channel-open-probability vs. ligand concentration. [9] Dose is usually in milligrams, micrograms, or grams per kilogram of body-weight for oral exposures or milligrams per cubic meter of ambient air for inhalation exposures. Other dose units include moles ...
An example for a simple case (mono-compartmental) would be to administer D=8 mg/kg to a human. A human has a blood volume of around V b l o o d = {\displaystyle V_{blood}=} 0.08 L/kg . [ 7 ] This gives a C 0 = {\displaystyle C_{0}=} 100 μg/mL if the drug stays in the blood stream only, and thus its volume of distribution is the same as V b l o ...
For example, the blood/gas partition coefficient of a general anesthetic measures how easily the anesthetic passes from gas to blood. [5] Partition coefficients can also be defined when one of the phases is solid , for instance, when one phase is a molten metal and the second is a solid metal, [ 6 ] or when both phases are solids. [ 7 ]
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration , molar concentration , number concentration , and volume concentration . [ 1 ]
The driving force shown here as ' ' is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units. For example, the driving force may be partial pressures when dealing with mass transfer in a gas phase and thus use units of pressure.